Diabetic sugar is a serious disease that is characterized by insulin deficiency to one degree or another. As a result of the pathology, hyperglycemia may occur, that is, an increase in blood sugar, which will lead to various metabolic disorders and complications.
Diabetes is third in the spread of cancer and cardiovascular disease. More than a hundred million people are currently known worldwide with this disease. Every 15 years the number of cases is doubled.
Medications that can completely eliminate the manifestations of diabetes do not exist. If the disease is not treated for a long time, then irreversible disorders occur in the vessels of different organs.
To notice the symptoms of pathology on time, you need to know what types of diabetes exist.
Diabetes
Several types of diabetes are released in medicine. The term itself reveals a whole list of diseases with common characteristics. The characteristics of diabetes and their species consist in the pathological level of blood sugar.
There are many reasons why insulin cannot cause blood cells from the blood. Nevertheless, the result is always the same: with the strong saturation of blood with sugar, the cells cannot be fed normally.
When sugar does not fall into the cells, it pulls the water over itself. Liquid blood filling passes through the kidneys and dehydration occurs. Despite what diabetes there are, there are such symptoms:
- Dry mouth.
- Thirst.
- Frequent and abundant urination.
Each type of disease is distinguished by its own characteristic effect on the human body. Diabetes, the types of which have their own differences, maybe:
- Neahari and sugar.
- Latin.
- The potential, it is a predisposition to the disease.
- Insulin -dependent and insulin dependent.
- Labes.
- Kidney.
- Post -operative, it appears after pancreatic surgery.
- Pancreatic expressed in the pancreas lesion.
- Not -pancretical, it is not associated with pancreatic damage.
The first type of diabetes mellitus
Insulin -dependent diabetes is called autoimmune or viral damage to the pancreas, the insulin organ. People with type 1 diabetes, insulin either do not, or is in very small volumes.
Statistics suggest that type 1 disease occurs at a young age. It is determined by such symptoms as frequent severe thirst, rapid urination, rapid weight loss, severe hunger and the appearance of acetone in the urine.
The treatment of this variety of the disease is to introduce the desired dose of the hormone from the outside. Other therapeutic actions are completely ineffective. The first type of diabetes occurs most often due to genetic predisposition. Such a disease can cause one or more negative factors, beginning pathological changes in the immune system.
As a result, pancreatic cells deform, producing insulin. Lack of hormone leads to the fact that carbohydrates cannot be completely discarded in the body, and lack of energy is trying to compensate for the treatment of fat.
Toxic substances begin to enter the brain. It is therefore extremely important to constantly control the current condition of the body and the content of glucose in the blood.
The disease can occur due to:
- Infections.
- Stress.
- A sedentary lifestyle.
- Autoimmune diseases.
- Heredity.
- Inal dishes.
Such diabetes is up to 15% of the total number of patients. Most often, children and adolescents get sick. The disease occurs due to a passive lifestyle and the constant use of carbohydrates. Obesity and diabetes can occur when you take:
- Soda drinks.
- Smoked meats.
- Canned products.
- Fast food.
Sometimes diabetes occurs, and then obesity appears first. Type 1 disease has such symptoms:
- Weakness.
- Irritability.
- Feeling of fatigue.
- Nausea.
- Improved thirst.
- Calls to urination.
Often patients quickly weaken the body or back weight. Diabetes can be:
- Primary: genetic, essential.
- Secondary: thyroid, pituitary gland, steroid.
The disease can be mild, medium or serious. By the nature of the course, the disease is divided into insulin -dependent and insulin -dependent type. Due to the high content of sugar in the blood, buds and blood vessels are deformed.
Therefore, people suffering from type 1 disease are in many cases losing their eyesight, becoming almost blind. There are also two main manifestations: the first kidney disorder, then the failure of this organ. Often, patients have pain and numbness of the limbs. This is due to circulatory disorders and nerve damage.
In case of impaired blood flow to the legs, there is a high risk of leg amputation. In type 1 disease, there is a large volume of cholesterol in the blood, therefore, in diabetics, cases of stroke or myocardial infarction are not uncommon.
Men with diabetes often develop impotence as nerves and blood vessels cease to exist in a healthy regime. Due to the pathology they appear:
- Obesity.
- Pancreatitis.
- Dermatopathy.
- Nephropathy.
- Encephalopathy.
One of the pathologies that pose a great danger is hypoglycemic coma. This condition often leads to death.
Patients with diabetes should determine blood sugar levels every day using special home -made devices. If necessary, the urine is prescribed for sugar content.
If glucose levels increase, then insulin injections are required to treat the disease of type 1. This hormone is involved in metabolism, which allows the body to treat carbohydrates.
If there is no adequate treatment for type 1 diabetes, serious complications occur. In some cases, death is possible. Sometimes one needs hospitalization to determine the complexity of the situation.
In stationary conditions, the patient is taught new sugar control skills.
The second type of diabetes mellitus
This type of disease occurs with insufficient insulin products from the pancreas. The condition also worsens by reducing the cellular activity of this organ. Pathology is usually formed due to the hereditary non -consumption of tissues to the hormone.
Insulin tissues have insulin receptors. Due to the onset of the pathology of these receptors, the immunity of tissues to insulin develops. The secretion of the hormone does not decrease, forming the relative deficiency of insulin.
In patients with obesity, first of all, there is a decrease in the function of insulin receptors. Transfusion leads to unnecessary blood glucose formation, while uncontrolled tissues do not allow glucose to be obtained in the cells.
As a sufficient amount of insulin is needed to obtain sugar in the cells, its excessive products of the pancreas, which is wrapped in the exhaustion of beta cells, begins.
2 of the type of diabetes in medicine is not considered a hereditary pathology, but a disease with the wrong lifestyle. Even with an existing severe heredity, such a violation will not be formed if:
- The use of sweet products and other "fast" carbohydrates is limited.
- No overeating.
- There is constant control over body weight.
- Exercise is constantly performed.
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes are not specific. The person does not notice his manifestations, in most cases, as there is no significant deterioration of good. But knowing the symptoms, you cannot miss the moment of their appearance and consult a doctor on time, determining the concentration of glucose in the blood. Therefore, successful diabetes compensation will be created, the risk of complications will decrease significantly.
The main manifestations of this pathology:
- Dry mouth.
- Increasing the volume of urine, which causes a person to constantly wake up at night.
- Strong thirst.
- Itching of the mucous membranes.
- A strong appetite associated with leptin synthesis failure.
The presence of diabetes can also speak:
- Slowly recover wounds.
- Funculosis.
- Impotence.
- Fungal infections.
The disease can be found for the first time when entering the hospital due to a stroke or heart attack. Such diseases show that diabetes is in a serious stage.
The usual symptoms are manifested only by an increase in the sugar level above the renal threshold - 10 mmol /l. With this increase in glucose, it appears in the urine. If the value does not reach 10 mmmol/l blood, then one does not feel changes in the body.
It can be noted that the accidental type 2 diabetes installation is a very common occurrence.
2 types are used for diabetes therapy: The following agents are used:
- Biguanides.
- Thiosolidindo.
- It costs sulfanillaryvina.
- Clay.
Gestational diabetes
The gestational form of the disease can occur in a pregnant woman. The pathology is formed due to insufficient insulin production, which is necessary to regulate blood sugar.
During pregnancy, a woman's body is forced to produce a large amount of insulin, which provides the needs of the fetus. This process is especially relevant in the second half of the children.
If there is no insulin, then blood glucose levels are constantly increasing, which allows for a gestational type of diabetes. This disease is usually performed independently after birth.
This is a characteristic feature that sets it apart from other types of diabetes that are chronic.
Latent diabetes
A large number of unclear moments are related to diabetes. The most common types of disease are the first and second types. It is worth noting that there is an intermediate type of this dangerous disease called LADA diabetes.
Such a disease occurs in adulthood. This variety of disease is dangerous as it can be disguised as type 2 diabetes for a long time. The latent form of the disease is very difficult.
Lada is a serious autoimmune disease. The immune system begins to attack its own body by constantly destroying beta cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. But such patients can do without insulin injections for a long time, unlike those who are more type 1 diabetes.
With a latent form of diabetes, the immune processes continue quite slowly. Working beta cells are retained in the pancreas. Patients show treatment with medicines that are intended for diabetics with type 2 diabetes. Over time, antibodies destroy more and more beta cells, leading to a serious decrease in the amount of insulin and the inevitable use of insulin therapy.
Hidden diabetes
Hidden diabetes mellitus has another name: latent or sleep. This pathology is an early stage diabetes.
With the preliminary stage of diabetes, sugar and its blood indicators, they never exceed the norm. In the initial stage of the disease, a violation of glucose tolerance is recorded. In addition, after the sugar is loaded, one is noted in the blood very slowly and a decrease in glucose concentration.
Such people are quite likely to be diabetes for 10-15 years. This malaise does not require specific complex therapy, but constant medical monitoring is important. Latent type of diabetes mellitus can occur over the years.
To develop it, it is sometimes enough to experience a serious nervous disorder or get a viral infection.
Non -adhesive diabetes
Non -adasure diabetes is a pathology that is caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of vasopressin, a hormone that has an anti -diuretic effect. People suffer from sudden urination and thirst. Sleep is significantly broken and a person usually cannot restore power.
About 6-15 liters of free, light urine are excreted per day. There is also a lack of appetite and weight loss. One is constantly tired and irritated, dry skin and lack of sweating are observed.
Subcompurned diabetes
Diabetic sugar is a disease that consists in impaired carbohydrate metabolism. All medical measures are aimed at normalizing. It is quite difficult to achieve a stable effect. Due to prolonged therapy, the level of carbohydrate metabolism may fluctuate and have different values.
There are several forms that allow you to compensate for this dangerous disease. We are talking about:
- Decompensated.
- Subcompurned.
- Compensated form.
The decompensated form is characterized by the fact that there is almost no improvement in the metabolism of carbohydrates. There is a high concentration of glucose in the blood, acetone and sugar are found in the urine.
Subcompensated diabetes is a pathology in which blood sugar is not much different from the norm, there is no acetone in the urine. With the compensated form of the disease, a person has glucose in normal, while there is no sugar in the urine.
Labile diabetes
The disease can be differentiated from the nature of the course to labile and stable. The type of labile disease is characterized by a significant fluctuation of blood glucose every day.
In such people, hypoglycaemia occurs, most often from dinner. Late at night and early in the morning there is a strong thirst and hyperglyp. The hidden course of the disease is often accompanied by the formation of ketoacidosis, which often leads to diabetic coma.
A rapid substitute for hypoglycaemia hyperglycemia is characteristic of youth and childhood diabetes. The stability of the disease is characteristic of its average stage. The disease occurs when it is severe.
